English Grammar Lesson: Parallel Structure

1. What is Parallel Structure?

Definition: Parallel structure (or parallelism) is the use of consistent grammatical forms in a series of related words, phrases, or clauses. It ensures that all elements in a list or series are grammatically similar, making sentences clearer and more readable.

Parallel structure enhances the flow of writing and helps to avoid confusion. It is particularly important in lists, comparisons, and coordinated sentences.

2. Types of Parallel Structure

Parallel structure can be applied in various ways:

2.1 Parallel Structure in Lists

When listing items, each element should be in the same grammatical form.

Example:

• Incorrect: She enjoys reading, to swim, and going to the gym.
• Correct: She enjoys reading, swimming, and going to the gym.

2.2 Parallel Structure in Comparisons

When making comparisons, use the same structure for each part of the comparison.

Example:

• Incorrect: This car is faster than my old car and more reliable.
• Correct: This car is faster than my old car and more reliable than my old car.

2.3 Parallel Structure in Coordinated Sentences

In sentences with coordinating conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or), ensure that each part of the sentence follows the same grammatical structure.

Example:

• Incorrect: She wanted to bake a cake and to make cookies.
• Correct: She wanted to bake a cake and make cookies.

3. Importance of Parallel Structure

Using parallel structure helps to:

• Improve Clarity: Parallelism makes sentences easier to read and understand.
• Enhance Rhythm: Parallel structures can create a pleasing rhythm in writing.
• Ensure Consistency: Consistent grammatical forms help avoid confusion and make writing more professional.